The Definition of Atomic Volume and How to Calculate It

The Definition of Atomic Volume and How to Calculate It The atomic volume is the volume one mole of an element occupies at room temperature. Atomic volume is typically given in cubic centimeters per mole: cc/mol. The atomic volume is a calculated value using the atomic weight and the density using the formula: atomic volume atomic weight/density Alternatives Another way to calculate atomic volume is to use the atomic or ionic radius of an atom (depending on whether or not you are dealing with an ion). This calculation is based on the idea of an atom as a sphere, which isnt precisely accurate. However, its a decent approximation. In this case, the formula for the volume of a sphere is used, where r is the atomic radius: volume (4/3)(Ï€)(r3) Example For example, a hydrogen atom has an atomic radius of 53 picometers. The volume of a hydrogen atom would be: volume (4/3)(Ï€)(533) volume 623000 cubic picometers (approximately)

Analysis of Patrick Henry essays

Analysis of Patrick Henry essays In the speech, "The Virginia Convention," Patrick Henry set out to convince the Virginia delegates that the war with England was inevitable and the longer they waited the harder the war would be to win. Patrick Henry uses the art of persuasion to win over his audience. In the essay, The Crisis, No. 1, Thomas Paine set out to persuade the people of each colony should stand up and fight for their freedom. He set out to convince the colonists that the tyrant England had binded the colonies in her grasp and transformed the colonists into slaves. In the, Notes on the State of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson sets out to convince the State of Virginia that whites are the superior race and that all African Americans that have been emancipated should be exported to another country. All of the authors institute effective use of the range of appeals, logos, ethos, and pathos giving the speech a quality of concrete mental and physical wholeness. The logos contribution of Henry's address makes use of solid facts to convince the people of Virginia that fighting or slavery are the only possible outcomes of their meeting. He uses this as a fear factor to persuade the people that fighting is the only way to maintain their freedom. These logical facts are used mainly in the third and fourth paragraphs and he also ends his assertions with questions. "Are fleets and armies necessary to work a love and reconciliation?" asks Henry of his audience. This arrangement of writing, a question, serves not only to state the obvious motive that the "fleets and armies" are not on American soil to promote peace, but to suppress the colonies and this shows the Convention a justification in their actions to fight not flight. Another purpose is achieved in the second part of the question to appeal to ethos, "love and reconciliation". This shows that while America is working for love and reconciliation, England is sending fleets and armies. The c ...

How long can a inmate stay in the county jail Essay

How long can a inmate stay in the county jail - Essay Example A day over that time, he has to go to prison. The norm is, no one ever serves their full sentence in a county jail, they usually spend a third of their sentence. However, a person who defies a judge's order, and is charged with contempt of court, may stay in jail indefinitely; as long as he/she refuses to follow the judge's order. The Wall Street Journal, posted January 8, 2009, Ashley Jones reported that a man who defies the judge's order, and was charged with contempt of court has been in jail for over ten years. No one can stay in jail longer than the time specified by a judge, unless that person commits another crime while in jail and has another trial, and is sentence to more time in jail. If this sentence exceeds a year, he has to go to prison. A judge does not file motions, a lawyer files a motion on the client,s behalf. The website, FindLaw.com, states that a lawyer can shorten his client's jail time by filing a habeas corpus, a writ requesting a speedy hearing before a judge . This is the time that the trial date is set. People have always misunderstood the difference between jail and prison. Upon arrest, a detainees goes to jail, however, an arrest before the Miranda rights is read, or without the Miranda right being read, will null the charges in a court of law. Most federal detainee goes to federal jail, but they sometimes go to county jail. Reference â€Å"The Arrest Process.† FindLaw.com.

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Immigration - Essay Example For others it will be shown how they feel that immigration has become a looming problem within the country and increases the risk of terrorist activity within America. Overall, my conclusion will demonstrate how the United States has hallmarked itself in the world with invitations to foreigners to enter into our country for better opportunities, and a chance for a higher quality of life, therefore we have only brought the current problems with immigration onto ourselves with no one to blame but our own government. Across the span of time, the outcome of war and conflict has been the vehicle of change for nations and its population. The outcome of regional hostilities directly affects the positive and negative outcomes of established civilizations. Immigration is an element of population change and is defined as the movement of people from one nation to another with the intention of attaining permanent residence during a certain period of time. Immigration is defined as the process of people permanently leaving a nation or region to settle in another for better opportunities, improved life, and to build on their dreams for the future. America has represented itself to other nationalities as a place of peace, hope, and a better life, leaving the invitation open to come and immigrate to this land (Heaney 1977, pg. 15). Therefore, the United States, in reality, has no one to blame but themselves for the escalating problems that are associated with immigration issues today. People immigrate to improve their economic situations, avoid political or religious persecution, or as a result of war displacement. According to the Department of Immigration and Naturalization Services personnel, "American immigration patterns indicate that approximately twenty percent of all immigrants to the United States relocated as a result of war displacement"(Artingstall 2003). In past times, there were three major groups of people that migrated to the United States between 1950 and 2000; the Jews after WWII, the Asians after the Korean Conflict and the Vietnamese after the Vietnam War. Although, recent immigration continues to occur and increase the population of America, the above three armed conflicts have brought new immigration policy changes and the largest amount of immigration movement since 1945. Even so, more recently the immigration problem has been with Hispanics crossing over illegally and also due to the conflict in the Middle East which has brought many Arabs migrating to the United States, enlarging the threat of terrorism in many people's minds. It would seem that every time a war or conflict takes place it has brought about vast changes for the United States. For example, World War II brought about a vast population of people migrating from Europe to the United States. Although, the United States was spared the physical land damages other countries had experienced during the war, many major changes were occurring in cities across our nation. The construction of new factories, military bases and housing created

Operational Plan Essay Example for Free

Operational Plan Essay Offices Assistant Operational Plan Goal Increase the sales in each store by 10% by June 2013 Objectives: a) include graphic design services b) Acquisition of additional printer, photocopier and delivery van. c) Reorganize of fixtures and fitting within the store to make space for the equipment d) Multi-skill current retail product staff to include service knowledge. e) Increase in human resource requirements. Strategy In order to increase the sales, the company will need to employee 10 more people with costumer service background, and provide the correct training of the products and services. Consultation Stakeholder Role in the Problem Consultation Method Senior Management Team Decision Maker feedback session email communications newsletters Store Manager Develop an operational plan Meetings group meetings interviews Employees Implementers of the plan Focus groups Brainstorming sessions Feedback sessions. Suppliers Supply equipment Email communication Newsletters Customers Email communication Newsletters Media Involved in the advertisement ex Email communication Newsletters Actions: In order to complete the organization goal and objectives the following are the action that should be taken: a) Include a graphic designer The Marketing department need to advertise the position of graphic designer. Responsible: Manager of the area Timeframe: 18 Oct 2013 to 18 of November 2013 Budget: 500 b) Acquisition of additional printer, photocopier and delivery van To increase the sales, The Company will need to provide additional equipment. Responsible: Store Manager Time frame: 20 Oct 2013 to 18 of November 2013 Budget: 2500 c) Make space for the new equipment Reorganize of fixtures and fitting within the store to make space for the equipment. Responsible: Store Manager Time frame: 15 Oct 2013 to 20 November 2013 Budget: 1000 d) Training Multi-skill current retail product staff to include service knowledge. Responsible: Store Manager and team members Time frame: 18November to 30 November 2013 Budget: 2000 e) Recruitment 10 more people have to be hired. Responsible: Store managers and Manager of specific Areas. Time frame: 20 Oct to 18 November 2013 Contingence plan If the strategy of increasing the sales 10% by next year doesn’t work after the high season(November to January). We will need to focus more in how to advertise more the products and services provided. Because we already have the trained people to continue to project. The Marketing department need to focus in a strategy to get more costumers to increase the sales. Outcome: To increase the sales by 10% by next year. The company need to invest in the project $6000. That include a graphic design services, acquisition and organization of new equipment. Recruitment and training. Approval Name Position Date Sing Carolina Prieto Senior Management Carolina Prieto David Garcia Store Manger David Garcia

The Comanche Helicopter Program Essay -- The Armed Forces

In 1983 the United States began a program to upgrade the aging fleet of U.S. Army helicopters. What was initially known as the Light Helicopter Experimental (LHX), in April 1991 the LHX program would become the Reconnaissance Attack Helicopter (RAH-66). The program was initially designed to replace all light helicopters in the Army fleet, however, this was reduced to a more attainable goal of replacing the AH-1, OH-58, and OH-6 helicopters. This program greatly enhanced the capabilities of the commander on the battlefield of the future.1 The helicopter of the future would far outclass any helicopter on the planet; boasting capabilities like fly by wire controls, stealth, greater maneuverability, greater speed, and far reaching technological capabilities making it the â€Å"quarterback of the digital battlefield†-. What the Comanche program quickly turned into was an over budget, behind schedule, government project that was being built to combat an enemy that no longer existed. Technological advances found through the 6.9 billion dollars spent on the Comanche have yielded some improvements to the current fleet of Army helicopters (block III Apache), however, it could be argued that the Comanche project simply drained the military and held back the advancement of the current fleet. 2 Twenty years after the birth of the LHX, the United States had invested 6.9 Billion dollars and had two RAH-66 helicopters to show for it. In 2003, with the war on terrorism kicking off, President George W. Bush cancelled the Co manche program to better equip the U.S. Military for the fight that was ongoing. History U.S. strategy in 1983 toward the Cold War with the U.S.S.R. was to simply out spend the Soviet Union in the military sector. The... ...ng†, Defense Media Network, December 16, 2010, www.defensemedianetwork.com 3. NATO’s Nations and Partners for Peace, Comanche Terminated, Air Power, 2004 4. Pelletier, A.J. â€Å"Bell Model 406/OH-58D Kiowa Warrior†, Avia Star, www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/bell_warrior.php, 1992 5. U.S. Department of Defense News Transcript. Briefing on the Restructure and Revitalization of Army Aviation, February 23, 2004 6. Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General. Financial Management of the RAH 66 Comanche Helicopter Program, August 6, 1998 7. Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General, Acquisition Management of the RAH-66 Comanche, May 12, 2003 8. Wayne, Leslie. Pentagon Says it Plans to Kill Copter Program, The New York Times, February 24, 2004 9. Werthman, Robert W, Col.. The Comanche Helicopter Program: A Strategic Policy Failure, March 30, 2007

The Unattainability of Perfection: A Critical Analysis of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Birthmark”

Perfection is one of the most sought-after qualities in society. People are willing to shell out large sums of money for dieting plans, training regimens, and plastic surgery – all in an attempt to be perfect, whether that means having a slim waist, a defined core, or a more attractive nose. However, nobody is flawless. Even if an individual alters their physical appearance to what they believe to be â€Å"perfect,† they will nonetheless have other, non-physical faults that will limit their ability to attain perfection. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a 19th century American writer, expressed his feelings about the attainability of perfection in his fiction.In particular, in â€Å"The Birthmark,† Hawthorne uses the birthmark as a symbol, the characterization of Georgiana, and the foreshadowing of Georgiana's death to promote the unrealistic nature of perfection; Hawthorne highlights the impracticality of flawlessness so that society, in general, will stop going to great len gths trying to achieve the unachievable and, instead, spend their collective time more productively. To begin with, to endorse the improbability of perfection, Hawthorne establishes Georgiana’s birthmark as a symbol of earthly imperfection.For instance, the birthmark is described as being â€Å"the fatal flaw of humanity which Nature [†¦] stamps ineffaceably on all her productions, either to imply that they are temporary and finite, or that their perfection must be wrought by toil and pain† (Hawthorne 14). From this, it is evident that the birthmark represents, not only the mortality of humans, but that while humans are mortal, perfection is elusive. Hawthorne goes so far as to indicate that the birthmark is â€Å"a symbol of his wife’s liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death [†¦] [and that it is a] symbol of imperfection [†¦] [of which] the spectral hand [†¦] wrote mortality† (14).Although Georgiana is otherwise a beautiful woman, her birthmark keeps her from being flawless. Hawthorne promotes the unrealistic nature of perfection in that, even though many may be relatively close to achieving perfection, there will always be one small factor that stands in the way – in Georgiana’s case, it is her birthmark. Moreover, Hawthorne’s characterization of Georgiana’s physical attributes, most notably her birthmark, accentuates the unlikelihood of achieving perfection.Specifically, â€Å"in the centre of Georgiana’s left cheek there was a singular mark [†¦] [that] wore a tint of deeper crimson, which imperfectly defined its shape amid the surrounding rosiness† (13). It is interesting to note that, although Georgiana is labeled a gorgeous woman, the only aspect of her physical appearance that Hawthorne describes in detail is that of her birthmark – the symbol of imperfection. Hawthorne does this intentionally to fully emphasize the notion that perfection is unattain able and that it is wrong for people, such as Aylmer, to believe otherwise.Furthermore, Aylmer deems his wife’s birthmark as having â€Å"an almost fearful distinctness [†¦] [whose] shape bore not a little similarity to the human hand† (13). From this, a connection is made between the birthmark and mortality, in that Georgiana’s birthmark is depicted as being in the shape of a human hand and not, for example, the hand belonging to G-d. This serves as a reminder that Georgiana is human and that, so long as that is the case, it is unfeasible to achieve perfection of any kind.Similarly, Hawthorne evokes the unlikelihood of attaining perfection by foreshadowing Georgiana’s death. For instance, Aylmer dreams of â€Å"attempting an operation for the removal of the birthmark, [†¦] [whose] tiny grasp appeared to have caught hold of Georgiana’s heart [†¦]; [Aylmer] was [†¦] resolved to cut [†¦] it away† (15). Even in Aylmerâ €™s dream, it appears difficult to achieve perfection – and the dream world is not reality. As a result, Hawthorne is commenting on the fact that, in the real world, it is virtually impossible to attain flawlessness.Later on, Aylmer insists that Georgiana touch the â€Å"perfect and lovely flower [†¦] [which] no sooner [†¦] suffered a blight, its leaves turning coal-black as if by the agency of fire† (18). From this, Hawthorne makes the point that perfection is unattainable. The moment Georgiana touches the otherwise perfect flower, the plant dies – foreshadowing Aylmer’s impending failure. This failure, in addition, is foreshadowed when Georgiana, reading through her husband’s folio of past experiments, discovers that â€Å"his most splendid successes were almost invariably failures† (20).This example of foreshadowing Georgiana’s death, again, indicates that their intention for perfection is not a fruitful one. To advoc ate the degree of difficulty associated with achieving perfection, Hawthorne, in his short story â€Å"The Birthmark,† employs the birthmark as a symbol of imperfection, characterizes Georgiana’s physical attributes, and foreshadows Georgiana’s death; from this, Hawthorne hopes people will acknowledge the senselessness inherent in trying to be perfect and use their time to accomplish more realistic goals.It is evident that Hawthorne’s outlook on the inability to achieve perfection is sensical. For example, people the world over spend not only time, but their hard-earned money, on various products and endeavors that they believe will bring them closer to perfection. However, no matter how â€Å"close† these people get, they will never be fully capable of obtaining perfection. Instead of getting plastic surgery, a toupee, using steroids, or dieting excessively, people would be better off accepting who they truly are. That is the closest anybody will ever get to achieving perfection. The Unattainability of Perfection: A Critical Analysis of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Birthmark† Perfection is one of the most sought-after qualities in society. People are willing to shell out large sums of money for dieting plans, training regimens, and plastic surgery – all in an attempt to be perfect, whether that means having a slim waist, a defined core, or a more attractive nose. However, nobody is flawless. Even if an individual alters their physical appearance to what they believe to be â€Å"perfect,† they will nonetheless have other, non-physical faults that will limit their ability to attain perfection. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a 19th century American writer, expressed his feelings about the attainability of perfection in his fiction.In particular, in â€Å"The Birthmark,† Hawthorne uses the birthmark as a symbol, the characterization of Georgiana, and the foreshadowing of Georgiana's death to promote the unrealistic nature of perfection; Hawthorne highlights the impracticality of flawlessness so that society, in general, will stop going to great len gths trying to achieve the unachievable and, instead, spend their collective time more productively. To begin with, to endorse the improbability of perfection, Hawthorne establishes Georgiana’s birthmark as a symbol of earthly imperfection.For instance, the birthmark is described as being â€Å"the fatal flaw of humanity which Nature [†¦] stamps ineffaceably on all her productions, either to imply that they are temporary and finite, or that their perfection must be wrought by toil and pain† (Hawthorne 14). From this, it is evident that the birthmark represents, not only the mortality of humans, but that while humans are mortal, perfection is elusive. Hawthorne goes so far as to indicate that the birthmark is â€Å"a symbol of his wife’s liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death [†¦] [and that it is a] symbol of imperfection [†¦] [of which] the spectral hand [†¦] wrote mortality† (14).Although Georgiana is otherwise a beautiful woman, her birthmark keeps her from being flawless. Hawthorne promotes the unrealistic nature of perfection in that, even though many may be relatively close to achieving perfection, there will always be one small factor that stands in the way – in Georgiana’s case, it is her birthmark. Moreover, Hawthorne’s characterization of Georgiana’s physical attributes, most notably her birthmark, accentuates the unlikelihood of achieving perfection.Specifically, â€Å"in the centre of Georgiana’s left cheek there was a singular mark [†¦] [that] wore a tint of deeper crimson, which imperfectly defined its shape amid the surrounding rosiness† (13). It is interesting to note that, although Georgiana is labeled a gorgeous woman, the only aspect of her physical appearance that Hawthorne describes in detail is that of her birthmark – the symbol of imperfection. Hawthorne does this intentionally to fully emphasize the notion that perfection is unattain able and that it is wrong for people, such as Aylmer, to believe otherwise.Furthermore, Aylmer deems his wife’s birthmark as having â€Å"an almost fearful distinctness [†¦] [whose] shape bore not a little similarity to the human hand† (13). From this, a connection is made between the birthmark and mortality, in that Georgiana’s birthmark is depicted as being in the shape of a human hand and not, for example, the hand belonging to G-d. This serves as a reminder that Georgiana is human and that, so long as that is the case, it is unfeasible to achieve perfection of any kind.Similarly, Hawthorne evokes the unlikelihood of attaining perfection by foreshadowing Georgiana’s death. For instance, Aylmer dreams of â€Å"attempting an operation for the removal of the birthmark, [†¦] [whose] tiny grasp appeared to have caught hold of Georgiana’s heart [†¦]; [Aylmer] was [†¦] resolved to cut [†¦] it away† (15). Even in Aylmerâ €™s dream, it appears difficult to achieve perfection – and the dream world is not reality. As a result, Hawthorne is commenting on the fact that, in the real world, it is virtually impossible to attain flawlessness.Later on, Aylmer insists that Georgiana touch the â€Å"perfect and lovely flower [†¦] [which] no sooner [†¦] suffered a blight, its leaves turning coal-black as if by the agency of fire† (18). From this, Hawthorne makes the point that perfection is unattainable. The moment Georgiana touches the otherwise perfect flower, the plant dies – foreshadowing Aylmer’s impending failure. This failure, in addition, is foreshadowed when Georgiana, reading through her husband’s folio of past experiments, discovers that â€Å"his most splendid successes were almost invariably failures† (20).This example of foreshadowing Georgiana’s death, again, indicates that their intention for perfection is not a fruitful one. To advoc ate the degree of difficulty associated with achieving perfection, Hawthorne, in his short story â€Å"The Birthmark,† employs the birthmark as a symbol of imperfection, characterizes Georgiana’s physical attributes, and foreshadows Georgiana’s death; from this, Hawthorne hopes people will acknowledge the senselessness inherent in trying to be perfect and use their time to accomplish more realistic goals.It is evident that Hawthorne’s outlook on the inability to achieve perfection is sensical. For example, people the world over spend not only time, but their hard-earned money, on various products and endeavors that they believe will bring them closer to perfection. However, no matter how â€Å"close† these people get, they will never be fully capable of obtaining perfection. Instead of getting plastic surgery, a toupee, using steroids, or dieting excessively, people would be better off accepting who they truly are. That is the closest anybody will ever get to achieving perfection.